Long Passage Times of Short ssDNA Molecules through Metallized Nanopores Fabricated by Controlled Breakdown
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fabrication of individual nanopores in metallized dielectric membranes using controlled breakdown directly in solution is described. Nanopores as small as 1.5‐nm in diameter are fabricated in Au‐coated silicon nitride membranes immersed in 1 m KCl by subjecting them to high electric fields. The physical and electrical characteristics of nanopores produced with this method are presented. The translocation of short single‐stranded DNA molecules is demonstrated through such nanopore devices without further passivation of the metallic surface. Metallized nanopores can prolong the translocation times of 50‐nt ssDNA fragments by as much as two orders of magnitude, while the slowest events can reach an average speed as slow as 2 nucleotides per millisecond. The mechanism for the long dwell‐time distribution is differentiated from prior studies, which relied on friction to slow down DNA, and is attributed to nucleotide‐Au interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".