Gas Exchange and Growth Responses of Ectomycorrhizal <i>Picea mariana, Picea glauca,</i> and <i>Pinus banksiana</i> Seedlings to NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Black spruce (PICEA MARIANA), white spruce (PICEA GLAUCA), and jack pine (PINUS BANKSIANA) seedlings were inoculated with HEBELOMA CRUSTULINIFORME or LACCARIA BICOLOR and subjected to NaCl and Na (2)SO (4) treatments. The effects of ectomycorrhizas on salt uptake, growth, gas exchange, and needle necrosis varied depending on the tree and fungal species. In jack pine seedlings, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi reduced shoot and root dry weights and in the ECM white spruce, there was a small increase in dry weights. Sodium chloride treatment reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the three studied tree species. However, NaCl-treated black spruce and jack pine colonized by H. CRUSTULINIFORME maintained relatively high photosynthetic and transpiration rates and needle necrosis of NaCl-treated black spruce seedlings was reduced by the ECM fungi. Higher concentrations of Na (+) were found in shoots compared with roots of the three examined conifer species. ECM fungi reduced the concentrations of Na (+) mainly in the shoots and this reduction was greater in plants treated with NaCl compared with Na (2)SO (4). Shoots contained generally higher concentrations of Cl (-) compared with roots. In the NaCl-treated black spruce and white spruce, both ECM species significantly reduced Cl (-) concentrations. Our results point to overall greater phytotoxicity of NaCl compared with Na (2)SO (4) and support our earlier findings which demonstrated beneficial effects of ECM fungi for woody plants exposed to NaCl stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".