A Comprehensive Evaluation of SAGD and Fast-SAGD Application in Three Major Formations of Alberta's Oil Sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presented a comparative evaluation between the conventional SAGD and the Fast-SAGD application in three typical formations of Alberta's Oil Sand that included McMurray, Clearwater, and Bluesky formations. Three reservoir models with a series of numerical simulations under various operation conditions were developed to achieve the most unprejudiced comparison between two bitumen recovery processes. The simulation results proved that significantly recoverable bitumen was produced from offset wells in the Fast-SAGD system and leads to a higher recovery factor. There is only a slight increase in cumulative oil recovery when two processes were performed in the same pattern with a similar number of production wells. The results also indicated that the difference of 10 kPa between steam injection pressure and reservoir pressure in the literature is not enough for both SAGD and Fast-SAGD operations. Finally, a precious guideline was recommended in order to achieve the most success on SAGD and Fast-SAGD application at those formations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".