The origin and spread of eukaryotic photosynthesis: evolving views in light of genomics
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plants and algae acquired photosynthesis through the assimilation of a prokaryotic endosymbiont related to the ancestors of modern-day cyanobacteria. This landmark event, known as the primary endosymbiotic origin of plastids, is generally thought to have occurred only once during the history of eukaryotes and to have given rise to the plastids of green algae, land plants, red algae and glaucophyte algae through vertical evolution. Plastids have also spread horizontally across the tree of eukaryotes by “secondary” endosymbioses involving heterotrophic host eukaryotes and both green and red algal endosymbionts. Here I provide an overview of current research in the area of plastid evolution, focusing on the latest advances in the field of algal comparative genomics. Recent genome-scale analyses of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes have provided fresh new insight into the pattern and process of secondary endosymbiosis, although it is still not possible to discern with confidence the number of endosymbiotic events that gave rise to the known spectrum of eukaryotic phototrophs. In fact, with more genomic data has come the intriguing possibility that the nuclear genomes of some secondary plastid-containing algae are a mosaic of genes derived from multiple endosymbioses, adding yet another layer of complexity to the convoluted evolutionary history of these fascinating organisms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it