New insight into Saanich Inlet varved sediments (British Columbia, Canada) from micro-scale analysis of sedimentary facies and micro-XRF core scanning analyses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The late Pleistocene and Holocene laminated marine sediments deposited in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, contain a well-known annually resolved record of environmental change. In this paper, these sediments were analyzed for the first time with an Itrax micro-X-ray fluorescence core scanner with a resolution of 100 μm. These analyses were complemented by image analysis of backscattered scanning electron images, coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis using a scanning electron microscope. Using this new information, nine sedimentary facies were identified based on distinct geochemical, sedimentological and morphological characteristics at both the macro and the microscopic scale:Facies 1: massive deposit during Termination 1 (T1),Facies 2: T1 varved sediment,Facies 3: early Holocene varved sediment,Facies 4: volcanic ash-rich sediment,Facies 5: mid-Holocene varved sediment,Facies 6: disturbed sediment,Facies 7: massive sediment,Facies 8: clay-rich layer,Facies 9: fecal pellet-rich sediment.We determined how these analyses reinforced or refined previous interpretations about the sedimentary processes responsible for their deposition, their sedimentary environments and/or their provenance with seasonal to sub-seasonal resolution. Each lithofacies has distinctive chemical and sedimentological signatures, which can be used to establish sediment provenance with seasonal to sub-seasonal resolution, and to help understand paleoclimatic variations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".