Elimination of acute hepatitis B among adolescents after one decade of an immunization program targeting Grade 6 students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: British Columbia introduced a preadolescent hepatitis B (HB) immunization program in 1992. This study documents trends in the reported rate of acute HB disease since 1992 and examines factors bearing on the rate of infection throughout the period of program implementation. METHODS: All Grade 6 students were eligible for immunization. Vaccine uptake was reported annually for every school. Acute HB infections were reported by physicians and by biomedical laboratories. Year-to-year trends were analyzed overall and by age group using the electronic public health information system and S-plus. Likelihood ratio tests were used to establish whether a variable was associated with the rate of acute HB in a given cohort. Poisson regression was applied to determine which variables were independently associated with the rate of acute HB. RESULTS: Immunization coverage ranged between 90 and 93% for each year between 1993 and 2001. The overall rate of reported acute HB declined from 7 per 100,000 to just more than 2 per 100,000, whereas that in 12- to 21-year-olds declined from 1.7 to 0 per 100,000 over this one decade period. In the final Poisson regression model, the rate of acute HB infection was significantly associated with year, urban region and lower vaccine uptake. There was an interaction between region and vaccine uptake such that higher vaccine uptake appeared more protective in rural than in urban regions. CONCLUSIONS: Acute HB has been eliminated in the immunized adolescent cohort. A higher carrier rate in urban regions most likely explains the apparent difference in program effectiveness between urban and rural regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".