Presidential Address: Jews, Human Rights, and the Making of a New Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For the first half of the twentieth century, Canada was not a welcoming place for Jews. Xenophobia, nativism and anti-Semitism lay behind a wide range of quotas and restrictions that limited where Jews could live, be educated, work, or play. During the 1920s, 30s, and 40s, Nazi propaganda, a search for economic scapegoats, fear of communism, religious hatreds, and a general concern about recent rapid immigration all contributed to the problem. Then in the late 1940s, Canadian Jewish leaders launched an offensive against discriminatory practices. Through a publicity campaign and other efforts, they gradually won allies in church and service groups, the Association of Civil Liberties, and the new Ontario premier, Leslie Frost. By the 1960s, mechanisms to protect minorities were in place and Canada had begun the process of repealing its racist immigration laws. Efforts of Jewish leaders in the human rights movement of the 1940s and 50s played a central role in improving the treatment of minorities in late twentieth-century Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.121 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".