Cross-Linked Microcapsules Formed From Self-Deactivating Reactive Polyelectrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMM(0)) was partially hydrolyzed in a 9/1 acetonitrile-d(3)/D(2)O mixture and then diluted with an aqueous buffer and coated onto poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated calcium alginate capsules. The resulting 50% hydrolyzed polymer (PMM(50)) is bound to the surface-immobilized PLL through both electrostatic and covalent interactions, resulting in a shell-cross-linked hydrogel capsule that is resistant to chemical challenges. Further hydrolysis of PMM(50) in aqueous buffer was monitored by potentiometry and was found to proceed with a half-life time of about 2.5 min at 20 degrees C such that residual anhydride groups not consumed by cross-linking with PLL would be deactivated by hydrolysis within several minutes of shell formation, removing potential sites for undesired protein binding. Initial protein-binding tests involving incubation of the capsules in bovine serum albumin solutions for 24 h showed no indication of protein binding. The effects of coating temperature, PLL concentration and molecular weight, PMM(50) molecular weight, and multiple PLL-PMM(50) coatings on shell morphology and behavior were studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as chemical challenges involving sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide. The resilience of the cross-linked shell improved with increasing concentrations of PLL and decreasing molecular weight of PMM(50), both of which resulted in more polyelectrolyte being bound to the capsule. The permeability of these covalently cross-linked capsules was studied using fluorescently labeled dextrans and was found to be comparable to standard calcium alginate-PLL-alginate (APA) capsules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".