Maternal exposure to daidzein alters behaviour and oestrogen receptor α expression in adult female offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Daidzein is an important isoflavone in soy. The potential role of daidzein in the prevention of chronic diseases is attracting growing scientific and public attention. This has led to an increase in the consumption of daidzein by humans, including adolescent and pregnant women. However, it remains unclear whether developmental exposure to daidzein affects behaviour and/or oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) expression in adults. After dietary exposure to daidzein in mice during pregnancy and lactation, we observed behaviours in their female offspring during adulthood during open field, novel cage, elevated plus-maze, Morris water maze and social interaction tests. Central ERalpha expression was also examined using immunocytochemistry. Compared with a control group, female mice exposed to daidzein during early development through their mother showed significantly more affiliation behaviours when they encountered female stimuli. The acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory in the water maze test were also significantly improved by exposure to daidzein. Finally, females exposed to daidzein showed significantly less ERalpha expression in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala. In combination, our findings show that maternal exposure to daidzein has a masculinisation effect on memory and social behaviour, suggesting a potential role of ERalpha distribution in the brains of female mice when regulating these behaviours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".