Fiftieth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union<i>Check-list of North American Birds</i>

This is the ninth Supplement since publication of the seventh edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made between 1 January and 31 December 2008 by the AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement (AOU 2000). Terry Chesser became chair of the Committee and Keith Barker became a member of the Committee in 2008. Changes in this Supplement include the following: (1) seven species are added to the main list (including one transferred from the Appendix) on the basis of new distributional information (Anser anser, Patagioenas plumbea, Ninox scutulata, Tolmomyias flaviventris, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, and Emberiza chrysophrys), one of which (Ninox) also represents a new genus for the main list; (2) the distributional statement of one species (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger) is changed by a split of extralimital taxa; (3) one species is changed (to Notharchus hyperrhynchus) by being split from an extralimital species (N. macrorhynchos); (4) three generic names (Acanthis, Spinus, and Chloris) are added as a result of splits from the genus Carduelis; (5) one genus (Cichlherminia) is lost by merger (into Turdus), and the scientific name of one species (Turdus lherminieri) is thereby changed; (6) the gender of the adjectival names of two species (Poecile hudsonicus and P. cinctus) is changed, owing to correction of the gender of the generic name; (7) the citation for one genus (Dives) is changed; (8) three English names are changed (Vireo caribaeus becomes San Andres [rather than Saint Andrew] Vireo, Ammodramus nelsoni becomes Nelson's [rather than Nelson's Sharp-tailed] Sparrow, and A. caudacutus becomes Saltmarsh [rather than Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed] Sparrow); and (9) one species is added to the Appendix (Circus buffoni). In addition, the scientific names of two species in the Appendix are changed (to Chroicocephalus genei and C. novaehollandiae [rather than Larus genei and L. novaehollandiae]); this change, based on a committee decision from 2007, was overlooked in the Supplement published in 2008 (Banks et al. 2008). A new sequence is adopted for species in the genus Trogon, the Numididae are recognized at the family level, and the sequence of families within the Galliformes is rearranged. A newly recognized family, the Mohoidae (Hawaiian honeyeaters), is added to the main list. The five species in this new family (all extinct) were formerly considered part of the Meliphagidae (honeyeaters); the latter family is now deleted from the Check-list. The family placement of six passerine genera (Chlorothraupis, Habia, Piranga, Granatellus, Amaurospiza, and Saltator) is changed on the basis of new information on their phylogenetic relationships. The offshore limit for acceptable records is changed to 200 miles [320 km] to conform to international convention. Finally, a system of regional consultants for bird distribution in North America and Middle America is established and is being implemented. Literature that provides the basis for the Committee's decisions is cited at the end of this Supplement, and citations not already in the Literature Cited of the seventh edition (with Supplements) become additions to it. An updated list of the bird species known from the AOU Check-list area is available at www.aou.org/checklist/north/index.php. The following changes to the seventh edition (page numbers refer thereto) and its Supplements result from the Committee's actions: p. xii. The offshore limit for acceptable records is changed to 200 nautical miles (370 km). This change brings the Check-list into conformity with international convention regarding the jurisdictional limits of nations over offshore natural resources. Delete the last sentence under Geographic Coverage and insert the following: Records of occurrence within 200 nautical miles offshore from any coast, including islands, in the Check-list area are included unless such records are within territory or territorial waters of a country or other geographical entity outside the AOU Check-list area (e.g., Russia). pp. xvii–liv. Change the number in the title of the list of species to 2,055. Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this Supplement: Anser anser Graylag Goose. (A) Patagioenas plumbea Plumbeous Pigeon. Ninox scutulata Brown Hawk-Owl. (A) Notharchus hyperrhynchus White-necked Puffbird. Tolmomyias flaviventris Yellow-breasted Flycatcher. Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher. (A) Poecile hudsonicus Boreal Chickadee. Poecile cinctus Gray-headed Chickadee. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler. (A) Turdus lherminieri Forest Thrush. Emberiza chrysophrys Yellow-browed Bunting. (A) Acanthis flammea Common Redpoll. Acanthis hornemanni Hoary Redpoll. Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin. Spinus pinus Pine Siskin. Spinus atriceps Black-capped Siskin. Spinus notatus Black-headed Siskin. Spinus xanthogastrus Yellow-bellied Siskin. Spinus cucullatus Red Siskin. Spinus dominicensis Antillean Siskin. Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch. Spinus lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch. Spinus tristis American Goldfinch. Chloris sinica Oriental Greenfinch. Delete the following names: Numidinae Notharchus macrorhynchos White-necked Puffbird. Poecile hudsonica Boreal Chickadee. Poecile cincta Gray-headed Chickadee. Cichlherminia lherminieri Forest Thrush. Carduelis flammea Common Redpoll. Carduelis hornemanni Hoary Redpoll. Carduelis spinus Eurasian Siskin. Carduelis pinus Pine Siskin. Carduelis atriceps Black-capped Siskin. Carduelis notata Black-headed Siskin. Carduelis xanthogastra Yellow-bellied Siskin. Carduelis cucullata Red Siskin. Carduelis dominicensis Antillean Siskin. Carduelis psaltria Lesser Goldfinch. Carduelis lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch. Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch. Carduelis sinica Oriental Greenfinch. Change the English names of the following species: Vireo caribaeus to San Andres Vireo. Ammodramus nelsoni to Nelson's Sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus to Saltmarsh Sparrow. Change the sequence of families and subfamilies of GALLIFORMES to: CRACIDAE NUMIDIDAE ODONTOPHORIDAE PHASIANIDAE Phasianinae Tetraoninae Meleagridinae Rearrange the species in Trogon to the following sequence: Trogon clathratus Trogon massena Trogon melanurus Trogon melanocephalus Trogon citreolus Trogon viridis Trogon bairdii Trogon violaceus Trogon rufus Trogon elegans Trogon mexicanus Trogon collaris Trogon aurantiiventris Move the four species of Moho and Chaetoptila angustipluma to follow the newly inserted MOHOIDAE. Move the two species of Chlorothraupis, the three species of Habia, and the eight species of Piranga to the beginning of the CARDINALIDAE in the order Piranga, Habia, Chlorothraupis. Remove the asterisks from these species. Move the two species of Granatellus and Amaurospiza concolor to follow Pheucticus melanocephalus. Remove the asterisks from these species. Move the six species of Saltator to Genus INCERTAE SEDIS following Tersina viridis. Remove the asterisks from these species. p. 58. After the account for Anser erythropus, insert the following new account: Anas Anser Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 123. Based on “The Laughing-Goose” Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds 3:153, pl. 153. (in Europa & America maxime boreali = Sweden.) Habitat.—Breeds in arctic, boreal, and temperate habitats from tundra through a variety of wetlands, usually with extensive open fresh water with adjacent dense emergent vegetation. Winters in estuaries, lakes, and marshes. Distribution.—Breeds from Iceland, the British Isles, and Scandinavia east through central Europe and Russia to central and southern Siberia and southern Russian Far East and south to Turkey, Iraq, Iran, possibly extreme western Afghanistan, and northern China. Northernmost populations are migratory. Winters south to North Africa, Israel, Iraq, northern India, central Myanmar, northern Vietnam, and southern China. Casual north to Svalbard, Jan Mayen, east to Japan, and south to the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Egypt, Kuwait, and Sri Lanka. Casual north to Greenland where there are at least seven sight records (Boertmann 1994, D. Boertmann in litt.). Accidental off Newfoundland; one landed and was photographed aboard a ship 167 nautical miles off St. John's, from 24 April to 2 May 2005 (Pranty et al. 2008). This species is widely kept domestically, and most if not all reports from mainland North America likely represent escapes from captivity. A report from Attu Island (1987, Amer. Birds 41:476) pertains to either Anser fabalis or A. serrirostris (1988, Amer. Birds 42:121; D.D. Gibson in litt.). p. 112. Within Galliformes, elevate Numidinae to family status and change the sequence of families and subfamilies, with their included species (Cox et al. 2007) to: CRACIDAE NUMIDIDAE ODONTOPHORIDAE PHASIANIDAE Phasianinae Tetraoninae Meleagridinae Under the heading Order GALLIFORMES: Gallinaceous Birds, insert the following: Notes.—Sequence and taxonomic rank of families follow Cox et al. (2007). p. 220. Before the account for Patagioenas subvinacea, known as Columba subvinacea until the 44th Supplement (Banks et al. 2003), insert the following new account: Columba plumbea Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26: 358. (Brésil = vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest, Montane Evergreen Forest (0–2,100 m; Tropical and Subtropical zones). Distribution.—Resident from extreme eastern Panama (Serranía de Jungurudó and Cerro Pirre, Darién) to northwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, and east of the Andes from Venezuela and the Guianas south through Amazonia to central Bolivia, southern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay. Notes.—Considered a fairly common resident on Cerro Pirre and Serranía de Jungurudó, Panama (Angehr et al. 2004, Angehr 2006). Vocal differences among populations suggest that P. plumbea as currently recognized may contain multiple species (Donegan et al. 2007, Whittaker 2009). p. 266. After the account for Aegolius ridgwayi, insert the following new account: Ninox Hodgson, 1837, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 5, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, Ninox nipalensis Hodgson = Strix lugubris Tickell. Strix scutulata Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, p. 280. (Sumatra.) Habitat.—Forest and a variety of woodland habitats. Distribution.—Found (both resident and migratory populations) from western India south to Sri Lanka, east to southern China, Siberian Russia, Korea, and Japan and south to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, southeast Asia, Indonesia east to the Moluccas, and the Philippines. Northeastern populations are migratory; the species winters from southeast Asia south to the limits of the resident range. Accidental on Ashmore Reef, Australia. Accidental in Alaska (St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, 27 August–3 September 2005; photos; Yerger and Mohlmann 2008; and Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, 1 August 2008; photos of desiccated carcass; I. L. Jones in litt.). Notes.—Also known as Brown Boobook. pp. 315–317. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (Moyle 2005, DaCosta and Klicka 2008) has shown that relationships among North American members of the genus Trogon are not reflected accurately in the linear sequences of previous classifications. Their phylogenetic conclusions result in a new sequence of species, as follows: Trogon clathratus Trogon massena Trogon melanurus Trogon melanocephalus Trogon citreolus Trogon viridis Trogon bairdii Trogon violaceus Trogon rufus Trogon elegans Trogon mexicanus Trogon collaris Trogon aurantiiventris Under the heading Genus TROGON, insert the following: Notes.—Sequence of species follows Moyle (2005) and DaCosta and Klicka (2008). p. 325. Notharchus hyperrhynchus is recognized as distinct from N. macrorhynchos, following the AOU South American Classification Committee (Remsen et al. 2009). The hyperrhynchus subspecies group, which also includes N. h. paraensis of Amazonian Brazil, was formerly considered a separate species, but was merged, along with N. swainsoni, into the single species N. macrorhynchos by Peters (1948), who did not provide a rationale for the change. Notharchus swainsoni was recently re-elevated to species status, and it was suggested that the hyperrhynchus group might also warrant species rank (Rasmussen and Collar 2002, Remsen et al. 2009). Vocal (e.g., Hilty 2003) and morphological differences between macrorhynchos and the hyperrhynchus group are typical of species differences in this genus, and the two are not known to intergrade where their distributions are parapatric. Replace the account of N. macrorhynchos with the following: Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest, Secondary Forest (0–900 m; Tropical and lower Subtropical zones). Distribution.—Resident from southern Mexico southern and south along of Middle and in South America from Colombia and northern and Venezuela of the Andes to western and east of the Andes to central and western and southern Amazonian to and and and south to considered with N. macrorhynchos of the and Amazonian Brazil, and with N. swainsoni of Brazil, eastern and but on the basis of morphological and differences (Rasmussen and Collar 2002, Hilty was by Peters for of these as their previous as three species by and p. is recognized as distinct from L. following Peters South American as with L. this merger was by an and as distinct species. The of the two than of of species with and that the of the two analysis of these has In the account for L. information on the group and the Change to included L. considered distinct on the basis of differences in and differences in following and and and et al. Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest Forest, Forest, Secondary Forest, Tropical Forest m; Tropical Distribution.—Resident from extreme eastern Panama and northern northern and and east of the Andes to central and in Panama from (Angehr 2006). p. After the account for Empidonomus insert the following new account: Habitat.—Tropical Forest, also winters in Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest and Secondary Forest m; Tropical and Subtropical zones). Distribution.—Breeds in southern South America from eastern and to central in central Winters in Amazonia from southern Colombia and southern Venezuela south to and Accidental in Cerro December North Amer. Birds et al. 2009). in the genus (e.g., pp. et al. 2008) that Chaetoptila angustipluma and the four species of the genus species included in the family a distinct to the of the phylogenetic position of this family, to are in The Mohoidae are most likely to the and are between the and the Change to and family and included genera and species to a position following the account for p. Under the heading insert the following: genera Chaetoptila and Moho were formerly in the et al. 2008) that these two genera a to the and that morphological and to the are the result of The Mohoidae are to the within the and are between the and the p. Change the English name of Vireo caribaeus to San Andres Vireo Hilty and Brown et al. 2004, and 2006). Under known as St. Vireo. p. The generic name Poecile is and 2008). The committee adopted Poecile in the seventh edition and the for the species names that are In the 42nd Supplement (AOU that Poecile is and changed the of all adjectival species Poecile was changed to P. the species is a an and shown that Poecile is in the gender of two adjectival names to hudsonicus and Change the names Poecile hudsonica and P. cincta were as by AOU to Poecile hudsonicus and P. p. After the account for Acrocephalus insert the following new account: usually fresh Distribution.—Breeds in the British and over most of Europe east to Siberia (to and south to Turkey, northwestern Iran, and northwestern China. Winters in south of the from east to and south to northern and South Casual or to Iceland, and Accidental to western Alaska St. September and 2008). p. The genus Cichlherminia is into Turdus on the basis of et al. 2005, et al. 2007, et al. Delete the heading for the genus Cichlherminia and the citation for it to the of the genus Turdus on p. following the citation for Change the heading for the species to Turdus lherminieri Forest Thrush. the following to the end of the species account: in the genus but a position within Turdus et al. 2005, et al. 2007, et al. pp. Remove the genus Granatellus and included species from the family on p. and to a position in the on p. following the account for Pheucticus melanocephalus. the following for the under the generic mitochondrial and 2002, Klicka et al. 2007) that the genus Granatellus is not a member of the and for placement in the et al. Granatellus was included in the this placement on morphological de and pp. Remove the genera Chlorothraupis, Habia, and Piranga, and their included species, from the family on pp. and to a position at the beginning of the on p. in the order Piranga, Habia, Chlorothraupis. changes in English names are at this the following for the under generic from et al. 2002, Klicka et al. 2007) provide that this genus, in the is a member of the pp. Remove the genus Amaurospiza and included species from the family on p. and to a position in the on p. the account for and following the account for Granatellus p. in the under the family change genera to the following for the under the generic mitochondrial that this genus is not a member of the and for placement in the et al. Amaurospiza the genera and (e.g., de this placement on the basis of and p. Change the English name of Ammodramus nelsoni to Nelson's Sparrow. Under the known as Nelson's in AOU but this name was widely considered p. Change the English name of Ammodramus caudacutus to Saltmarsh Sparrow. Under the known as Saltmarsh in AOU but this name was widely considered p. After the account for Emberiza insert the following new account: Habitat.—Breeds in with extensive and also Winters in and Distribution.—Breeds in eastern Russia from the east to and Winters in central and China. through China, and Korea, to Accidental in the and the Accidental in western Alaska St. Island, September 2008). pp. Remove the genus Saltator and included species from the family on p. and to a position under the heading Genus INCERTAE SEDIS on p. following the account for Tersina viridis. Under the for the generic the et al. 2007) suggest that the genus Saltator is a member of the than the This is likely its but are p. Change Genus to Genus Delete the citation to and it with Nat. = Type, by = Under the last of to by AOU who was in did not the name in a generic pp. The Acanthis and Spinus are to and the genus Chloris is split from the genus and Spinus were considered genera merger into Carduelis (AOU in part following and continued to as mitochondrial et al. 2008) that Carduelis is and that Acanthis Spinus Carduelis and Chloris sinica to Move Genus and its citation to p. to Under the heading for the genus Carduelis insert the following: under Change to Genus and the following: following two species were formerly (AOU in Acanthis and Spinus were considered separate genera to their merger into Carduelis (AOU in part following and continued to as mitochondrial et al. 2008) that Carduelis is and that Acanthis Spinus Carduelis and Chloris sinica to Change the following names in Carduelis as and change generic names and in for A. hornemanni Acanthis flammea Common Redpoll. Acanthis hornemanni Hoary Redpoll. the following for the for A. in as the Redpoll. Acanthis flammea and A. hornemanni to a and under A. included Acanthis recently as a separate species by et al. Change to Genus and the following: following species were formerly (AOU in under Change the following names in Carduelis as and change generic names and in Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin. Spinus pinus Pine Siskin. Spinus atriceps Black-capped Siskin. Spinus notatus de Black-headed Siskin. Spinus xanthogastrus de Yellow-bellied Siskin. Spinus cucullatus Red Siskin. Spinus dominicensis Antillean Siskin. Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch. Spinus lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch. Spinus tristis American Goldfinch. the following for the for under Delete the in the for and the following for the for species is in the genus Delete the last sentence in the for the account for Carduelis insert the following: Change the following name in Carduelis as follows: Chloris sinica Oriental Greenfinch. Under insert the in the genus under p. Delete the account for Anser anser from the p. Insert the following the account for This South American species is considered a in Panama by Angehr on the basis of sight records at east of Panama August and 1 January p. Change Larus genei and Larus novaehollandiae (both added as Appendix species in AOU to Chroicocephalus genei and Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae species were formerly included in Larus but were on the basis of et al. that that Larus if these species were p. Move the species account for Piranga to follow the account for p. Change Carduelis to Spinus and change Carduelis to Chloris pp. the following changes to the list of names of North American Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this Supplement: Anser anser NUMIDIDAE Patagioenas plumbea Ninox scutulata Notharchus hyperrhynchus Tolmomyias flaviventris Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus Poecile hudsonicus Poecile cinctus Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Turdus Chaetoptila angustipluma Emberiza chrysophrys Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Granatellus Granatellus Amaurospiza concolor Acanthis flammea Acanthis hornemanni Spinus spinus Spinus pinus Spinus atriceps Spinus notatus Spinus xanthogastrus Spinus cucullatus Spinus dominicensis Spinus psaltria Spinus lawrencei Spinus tristis Chloris sinica Chroicocephalus genei Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Piranga Spinus Chloris Delete the following names: Numidinae Notharchus macrorhynchos Chaetoptila angustipluma Poecile hudsonica Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga de de Piranga de Poecile cincta Cichlherminia lherminieri Granatellus Granatellus Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Piranga Amaurospiza concolor Carduelis flammea Carduelis hornemanni Carduelis spinus Carduelis pinus Carduelis atriceps Carduelis notata Carduelis xanthogastra Carduelis cucullata Carduelis dominicensis Carduelis psaltria Carduelis lawrencei Carduelis tristis Carduelis sinica Anser anser Larus genei Larus novaehollandiae Piranga Carduelis Carduelis with the sequence of families and subfamilies from CRACIDAE to ODONTOPHORIDAE to the following with change in names: CRACIDAE NUMIDIDAE ODONTOPHORIDAE PHASIANIDAE Phasianinae Tetraoninae Meleagridinae Rearrange the species in Trogon to the following with change in names: Trogon clathratus Trogon massena Trogon melanurus Trogon melanocephalus Trogon citreolus Trogon viridis Trogon bairdii Trogon violaceus Trogon rufus Trogon elegans Trogon mexicanus Trogon collaris Trogon aurantiiventris Move the species from Moho to to a position following the newly inserted heading with change in Move the species from Saltator to to a new heading INCERTAE SEDIS in a position following Tersina with change in considered but not by the committee of to the main list (Pranty et al. of into two species et al. of to the genus et al. merger of into change of and Mohoidae to subfamilies within the et al. change of the placement of genera currently in the (e.g., Klicka et al. of into as as four species and of Spinus into three genera et al. 2007, 2008). to change the English names of and to the from the English names of were of these may or The status of under by the Committee at as the Committee's for in to scientific and is the for A. D. D. C. D. D. P. N. A. and for and

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