Thermodynamics of Micellization of β-Sheet Forming Poly(acrylic acid)-<i>block</i>-poly(<i>l</i>-valine) Hybrids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phase behavior and thermodynamic of micellization of three hybrid poly(acrylic acid)- block-poly( l-valine), namely PAA 40-b-PLVAL 100, PAA 80-b-PLVAL 100, and PAA 80-b-PLVAL 80, were investigated. beta-sheet formation in these polymeric systems resulted in a dominant enthalpic micellization process that exhibited an upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Micelle dissociation at higher temperatures is attributed to the disruption of favorable hydrogen bonds in the micellar core. Separation of hydrogen bond contributions to the micellization thermodynamics through the addition of urea as an external denaturing agent, revealed a shift from a dominant enthalpic contribution of PLVAL segments at low degree of deprotonation (alpha), where significant beta-sheet is formed, to a balanced enthalpy and entropy contributions at high alpha. At high alpha, an enhanced "water cage" hydration of unimers was observed due to the formation of water-PLVAL hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic forces played an indirect role in enhancing the compactness of the hydrophobic core, which enhanced the strength of hydrogen bonds in the beta-sheet structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".