Choroideremia: Effect of age on visual acuity in patients and female carriers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The extent and time course of vision loss in Choroideremia (CHM) is still unclear. We undertook this study to quantitate the change in visual acuity (VA) over time in order to gain a better understanding of the natural course of this retinal disorder. METHODS: Corrected VA of 120 males with CHM and 53 female carriers were collected from 24 studies and/or case reports published between 1981 and 2010, as well as from data on 15 patients examined at the Cole Eye Institute (Cleveland Clinic). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were used to investigate the relationship between VA and age, as well as the progression rate of VA with age, respectively. Age grouping effects were investigated using ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean age of affected males was 36.6 ± 17.7 years. The mean logMAR VA was 0.35 ± 0.53. There was a significant 0.0072 decrease in logMAR VA per year (p = 1.22 × 10(-4)). There was a significant difference between VA of patients <50 years of age and those >50 years (0.27 ± 0.39 vs. 0.61 ± 0.81, p = 2.90 × 10(-5)). When we compared the rate of VA loss for patients <50 years vs. those >50 years, we also found a significant difference (0.01 ± 0.04 vs. 0.06 ± 0.08, p = 1.23 × 10(-2)). The average age of female carriers was 36.4 ± 17.7 years, with an average logMAR VA of 0.36 ± 0.6. There was no significant correlation between VA of female carriers and age (p = 0.12) with 46% of female carriers having a VA better than 20/20 at an average age of 33 years compared to 25% of affected males at 30 years. CONCLUSION: In affected males with CHM, VA decreases very slowly until subjects reach 50 years of age, at which time the rate and extent of vision loss become significantly higher. Additionally, VA decreases more rapidly as individuals get older. In contradistinction to affected males, VA loss in female carriers is much milder.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it