Activation of nestin‐positive duct stem (NPDS) cells in pancreas upon neogenic motivation and possible cytodifferentiation into insulin‐secreting cells from NPDS cells
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stem cells in adult pancreas and their specific marker are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that pancreatic stem cells could evolve from the duct system in response to neogenic stimulation and may transiently express nestin during tissue regeneration. After partial pancreatectomy (Px), we found extensive formation of ductules consisting of nestin-positive epithelial cells with higher replicating ability in the neogenic foci, particularly at day 3 after Px. Nestin was highly expressed in the earlier stages of ductule morphogenesis and then regressed as the cells evolved toward differentiated pancreatic cell types. The neogenic ductules were isolated for the culture of nestin-positive duct stem cells. These nestin-positive duct cells were numerous and displayed extensive self-replication in the duct cell explants after 2-3 days of culture, thus depicted as nestin-positive duct stem (NPDS) cells. As seen in the tissue of neogenic foci, NPDS cells were negative for cytokeratin-20 and vimentin, the marker for duct epithelial and mesenchymal cells, respectively. Endocrine cells, mostly insulin cells, were present in the explants at day 2 as single cells or as small clusters adjacent to the NPDS cells, and formed islet-like masses at day 3 of culture, suggesting islet cell differentiation from NPDS cells. In addition, insulin secretion from these beta cells responded to glucose stimulation. We found transient up-regulation of PDX-1 expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at day 3 after Px in pancreatic tissue. Higher expression of PDX-1 was seen in the culture of neogenic ductules than that of ducts isolated from the sham-operated pancreas. In particular, a subpopulation of nestin-positive cells in the duct cell explants formed from the neogenic ductules expressed PDX-1 in their nuclei. Taken together, this information suggests that NPDS cells could be generated from adult pancreas by neogenic motivations and they may differentiate into insulin-secreting cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it