Bayesian multivariate disease mapping and ecological regression with errors in covariates: Bayesian estimation of DALYs and ‘preventable’ DALYs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents Bayesian multivariate disease mapping and ecological regression models that take into account errors in covariates. Bayesian hierarchical formulations of multivariate disease models and covariate measurement models, with related methods of estimation and inference, are developed as an integral part of a Bayesian disability adjusted life years (DALYs) methodology for the analysis of multivariate disease or injury data and associated ecological risk factors and for small area DALYs estimation, inference, and mapping. The methodology facilitates the estimation of multivariate small area disease and injury rates and associated risk effects, evaluation of DALYs and 'preventable' DALYs, and identification of regions to which disease or injury prevention resources may be directed to reduce DALYs. The methodology interfaces and intersects the Bayesian disease mapping methodology and the global burden of disease framework such that the impact of disease, injury, and risk factors on population health may be evaluated to inform community health, health needs, and priority considerations for disease and injury prevention. A burden of injury study on road traffic accidents in local health areas in British Columbia, Canada, is presented as an illustrative example.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.054 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".