Recent Achievements in Combination of Ultrasonolysis and Other Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A review of recent advancements in the combination of ultrasonolysis with other advanced oxidation processes is studied. This study is based on the recent achievements and developments in the field of water and wastewater treatment using ultrasonic irradiation by means of acoustic cavitation with other advanced oxidation technologies. The most important parameter in combined methods is the synergetic effect which is a variable relative to the type of contaminant(s) and other physicochemical properties. The synergetic effect has the key role in process intensification so that a higher synergetic effect provides a higher intensified process efficiency. Results showed that sonolysis is a method that can increase the synergetic percentage in lowering fixed and even operating cost of the wastewater remediation. The combination of photolysis, photocatalysis, Fenton, photo-Fenton, and ozonation processes with ultrasonolysis results in hydroxyl radical production and therefore, the degradation of the organic chemicals. The effect of various parameters on the efficiency of combined processes is investigated in the present study. The combined process performance and the synergetic effect depend on the operating conditions and wastewater characteristics. The synergetic effect can enhance the degradation of organic compounds up to 400%. For example, it has been proven that the sonophotocatalytic process shows over 80% improvement with respect to the photocatalysis alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".