On the Oxidation of EuFe<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>12</sub> and EuRu<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>12</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rare-earth-filled transition-metal pnictides having the skutterudite-type structure have been proposed for use as high-temperature thermoelectric materials to recover waste heat from vehicle exhaust, among other applications. A previous investigation by this research group of one of the most studied skutterudites, CeFe(4)Sb(12), found that, when exposed to air, this material oxidized at temperatures that are considerably below the proposed maximum operating temperature. Here, by the combined use of TGA, powder XRD, and XANES, it has been found that the substitution of Ce(3+) and Fe(2+) for larger rare-earth and transition-metal elements (Eu(2+) and Ru(2+)) results in a significantly higher oxidation temperature compared to that of CeFe(4)Sb(12). This increase can be related to the increased orbital overlap provided by these larger atoms (Eu(2+) and Ru(2+) vs Ce(3+) and Fe(2+)), enabling the development of stronger bonds. These results show how selective substitution of the constituent elements can significantly improve the thermal stability of materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".