Modelling of Orifice Flow Rate at Very Small Openings
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modelling hydraulic control systems that contain flow modulation valves is highly influenced by the accuracy of the equation describing flow through an orifice. Classically, the basic orifice flow equation is expressed as the product of cross-sectional area, the square root of the pressure drop across the orifice and a “flow discharge coefficient”, which is often assumed constant. However, at small Reynolds numbers (such the case of valve pilot stage orifices), the discharge coefficient of the flow equation is not constant. Further, the relationship between the flow cross-sectional area and the orifice opening are extremely complex due to clearances, chamfers, and other factors as a result of machining limitations. In this work, a novel modification to the flow cross-sectional area is introduced and the resulting closed form of the flow equation is presented. As a secondary benefit, an analytical form of the orifice flow gain and flow pressure coefficient can be obtained. This closed form equation greatly facilitates the transient and steady state analysis of low flow regions at small or null point operating regions of spool valve.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it