Measurement of Time-Averaged Turbulent Free Convection in a Tall Enclosure Using Interferometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laser interferometry is combined with high-speed digital cinematography to measure time-averaged transient and turbulent convective heat transfer rates. The method is applied to study free convection in a tall vertical air-filled enclosure. Measurements are made at three wall spacings in the turbulent flow regime (5.2×104≤RaW≤2.8×105). An automated image processing algorithm is used to calculate the instantaneous local heat flux from a sequence of interferograms that is captured by a high-speed camera. The local Nusselt number distributions on the hot and cold walls are obtained by time-averaging the fluctuations in local heat flux. The effects of key experimental parameters, such as the camera frame rate and the total image capture time, are investigated. For the current problem, it is shown that a total capture interval of about 10 s is required to accurately measure the time-average local Nusselt number. Within the measurement uncertainty, the average Nusselt number results are in agreement with a widely used empirical correlation from the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".