Dynamic nuclear interference structures in the Coulomb explosion spectra of a hydrogen molecule in intense laser fields: Reexamination of molecular enhanced ionization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several theoretical models are used to explain the origin of the recently observed (unexpected) spectral progression in the Coulomb explosion spectra of the hydrogen molecule photoionized by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. In the first ionization step the molecule loses its first electron and then the $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ molecular ion dissociates. Next, at the intermediate stage of the dissociation process, a localized electron state is created from which the second ionization occurs at each laser half-cycle. It is shown that interference between a net-two-photon and a one-photon transition introduces a dynamic structure into the nuclear wave packet corresponding to this localized electron state which leads to the regular spectral progressions seen in the experiment. We confirm these spectral progressions using numerical simulations based on a time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation describing the exact three-body dynamics of $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ in one dimension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".