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A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
J. P. Grotzinger, D. Y. Sumner, Linda C. Kah, K. M. Stack, Sanjeev Gupta, L. A. Edgar, David M. Rubin, K. W. Lewis, Jüergen Schieber, N. Mangold, R. E. Milliken, P. G. Conrad, David J. DesMarais, Jack D. Farmer, K. L. Siebach, F. J. Calef, J. A. Hurowitz, S. M. McLennan, D. W. Ming, D. T. Vaniman, J. A. Crisp, A. R. Vasavada, K. S. Edgett, M. C. Malin, D. F. Blake, R. Gellert, P. R. Mahaffy, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, J. A. Grant, Sharon A. Wilson, Robert C. Anderson, L. W. Beegle, R. E. Arvidson, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, M. S. Rice, J. F. Bell, J. L. Griffes, B. L. Ehlmann, R. B. Anderson, T. F. Bristow, W. E. Dietrich, Gilles Dromart, J. L. Eigenbrode, A. A. Fraeman, C. Hardgrove, K. E. Herkenhoff, Louise Jandura, Gary Kocurek, S. Lee, L. A. Leshin, Richard Léveillé, D. Limonadi, J. N. Maki, Scott McCloskey, Michael A. Meÿer, M. E. Minitti, H. E. Newsom, Dorothy Z. Oehler, A. Okon, M. C. Palucis, T. J. Parker, Scott K. Rowland, M. E. Schmidt, S. W. Squyres, A. Steele, E. M. Stolper, Roger E. Summons, A. H. Treiman, R. M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, J. R. Johnson, David A. Cremers, Austin Godber, M. Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, M. I. Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Péret, P. L. King, Jennifer G. Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, Kevin M. Robertson, V. Z. Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, Kenneth A. Farley, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George D. Cody, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, M. Gailhanou, Francès Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Éric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, R. Pérez, M. Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez, Javier Gómez‐Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, Javier Martín‐Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora‐Sotomayor, G. M. Muñoz, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla‐García, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, S. J. Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean‐Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto González Fairén, Alexander G. Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Robert Sullivan, P. C. Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari‐Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, T. Siili, C. Fabre, J. J. Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, G. Paulsen, D. L. Bish, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, C. d’Uston, Olivier Forni, O. Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre‐Yves Meslin, E. Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, B. Sutter, M. Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, V. Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, Marion Nachon, A. Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, F. Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James F. Cameron, Sam Clegg, A. Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Stephen Johnstone, N. Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Burt Baker, B. A. Cantor, M. A. Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Donald Fay, D. E. Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, L. Posiolova, M. A. Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine L. French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, F. Goesmann, Walter Goetz, S. F. Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. D. Dyar, C. I. Fassett, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, M. A. Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher P. McKay, L. V. Bleacher, W. B. Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, D. P. Glavin, Daniel Harpold, David K. Martin, A. C. McAdam, Alexander A. Pavlov, E. Raaen, Michael D. Smith, J. C. Stern, Florence Tan, M. G. Trainer, A. Posner, Mary Voytek, A. D. Aubrey, A. Behar, D. L. Blaney, D. E. Brinza, L. E. Christensen, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory J. Flesch, I. Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, N. Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, Christopher R. Webster, A. S. Yen, P. D. Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, Richard V. Morris, P. B. Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, M. R. Fisk, Leon J. Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, D. C. Berman, E. Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, T. Cleghorn, Wesley T. Huntress, G. Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward P. Vicenzi, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, V. E. Hamilton, Donald M. Hassler, Joseph G. Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, F. Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, M. L. Litvak, A. Malakhov, И. Г. Митрофанов, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, В. А. Прохоров, Anton Sanin, V. I. Tretyakov, A. Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, R. N. Kuz’min, Benton Clark, M. J. Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell M. Drake, Keri Bean, M. T. Lemmon, S. P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, J. J. Blanco, Miguel Ramos, Myung‐Hee Y. Kim, C. A. Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan‐Peter Müller, R. Navarro‐González, R. C. Ewing, W. V. Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, K. Harshman, Shaunna M. Morrison, Onno Kortmann, Amy J. Williams, G. W. Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, B. M. Jakosky, T. Balić-Žunić, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, S. L. S. Stipp, G. M. Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Hannu Savijärvi, E. Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, S. Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, R. Mueller‐Mellin, R. F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, M. Benna, H. B. Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, N. O. Rennó, Michael H. Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, S. Gordon, A. Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth H. Nealson, Radu Popa, J. Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, I. L. ten Kate, Daniel Scholes, S. Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores
Bibliographic record
VenueScience · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPlanetary Science and Exploration
Canadian institutionsBrock UniversityCanadian Space AgencyUniversity of Guelph
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNoachianMars Exploration ProgramMartianAstrobiologyGeologySedimentary rockBayEarth scienceFluvialGeologic recordGeochemistryHesperianOceanographyPaleontology
Abstract
The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.057
Threshold uncertainty score0.113
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.186
Teacher spread0.177 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations894
Published2013
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes