Systematic coarse graining from structure using internal states: Application to phospholipid/cholesterol bilayer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a two-dimensional coarse-grained (CG) model for a lipid membrane composed of phospholipids and cholesterol. The effective CG interactions are determined using radial distribution functions (RDFs) from atom-scale molecular dynamics simulations using the inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) technique, based on our earlier work [T. Murtola et al., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9156 (2004); J. Chem. Phys. 126, 075101 (2007)]. Here, the original model is improved by including an internal discrete degree of freedom for the phospholipid tails to describe chain ordering. We also discuss the problem of RDF inversion in the presence of internal states, in general, and present a modified IMC method for their inclusion. The new model agrees with the original models on large-scale structural features such as density fluctuations in pure dipalmitoylphosphocholine and cholesterol domain formation at intermediate concentrations and also indicates that ordered and disordered domains form at all cholesterol concentrations, even if the global density remains uniform. The inclusion of ordering also improves transferability of the interactions between different concentrations, but does not eliminate transferability problems completely. We also present a general discussion of problems related to RDF inversion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".