Application of an effective stress design method to concrete piles driven in Mexico City clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piled foundations are used widely in the lake clay zones of Mexico City, with “friction” piles being driven into soft diatomaceous clay deposits that show an extraordinary range of mechanical properties. The paper assesses the applicability of the Imperial College pile (ICP) design method to the concrete piles driven in these deposits. After the ICP methodology and Mexico City ground conditions are reviewed, an experimental study is reported of the key soil properties required for the ICP procedures: yield stress ratio, unit weight, interface friction angle (δ), sensitivity (St), and intrinsic properties. The new data are then applied to a specially assembled database of static pile load tests from different Mexico City clay locations, with allowance being made for site-specific details and local installation procedures. A quantitative assessment shows that the ICP methodology is free from significant bias and leads to more reliable estimates of static capacity than the total stress (α) design method routinely used in Mexico City.Key words: validation, database, static axial pile capacity, driven friction pile, effective stress design, silty clay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".