Advective and Diffusive Gas Transport through Fractured Sulfur Blocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long‐term storage of S 0 blocks poses a contamination risk to both groundwater and surface water as the oxidation of S 0 to H 2 SO 4 creates drainage waters with low pH and elevated SO 4 2− concentrations. Because the presence of O 2 in the S 0 blocks is a primary control on S 0 oxidation, rates of atmospheric gas migration into the blocks can be used to quantify S 0 oxidation rates. Using in situ measurements and a tracer experiment combined with laboratory diffusion experiments, we determined that transport analysis of multiple gas species is required to quantify O 2 fluxes into a S 0 block. Advection, created by O 2 consumption within the block, accounted for 21% of the total O 2 influx and considerably increased H 2 SO 4 production in the block above that attributed to O 2 diffusion. While barometric pumping of the fracture porosity in the upper 8 m was probably occurring, its overall effect on O 2 influx was determined to be negligible. Quantification of O 2 and CO 2 fluxes was necessary to explain the direction and magnitude of N 2 concentration gradients that develop in the block, despite the fact that N 2 was nonreactive. Our findings should be widely applicable because the construction method of S 0 blocks is standard throughout the world.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".