Regulation of Calcium Transport in the Early Life Stages of an Ancient Fish,<i>Acipenser fulvescens</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The freshwater, cartilaginous lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) encounters its greatest calcium (Ca(2+)) demand in the early life stages. In this study we examined Ca(2+) regulation of lake sturgeon larvae reared at three levels of environmental [Ca(2+)]-0.1, 0.2, and 1.5 mmol L(-1)-from hatch until after the transition to exogenous feeding. Examination of skin, gill, and yolk sac with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the density and surface area of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) varies over developmental time but that availability of environmental Ca(2+) affected only MRC density. SEM results also demonstrated that Ca(2+) transport is adjusted in localization over the course of development, with the transition to primarily branchial uptake occurring earlier in the highest environmental [Ca(2+)]. Net whole-animal Ca(2+) flux was primarily dependent on influx rate. The increase in whole-body Ca(2+) uptake following the transition to exogenous feeding was greatest in larval lake sturgeon acclimated to low environmental [Ca(2+)], and it suggests that intestinal absorption may supplement enhanced branchial uptake in Ca(2+)-limited fish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".