Three regions for space-time spectrum sensing and access in cognitive radio networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to improve the spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum holes in space-time-frequency multiple dimensions should be exploited accurately and efficiently. Therefore, a novel three region scheme, which includes the black region, grey region and white region, has been designed and proposed with one primary transmitter at the center, taking into account key interference factors from secondary users (SUs) and the miss detection and false alarm probabilities in spectrum sensing. Between the black region where only primary users (PUs) have exclusive right to use the spectrum and the white region where SUs can utilize the same spectrum without causing severe interference to PUs, the grey region has been designed, which has temporal spectrum access opportunities in time dimension once neglected by existing works. Moreover, the condition of the existence of a transition zone between grey region and white region is analyzed with theoretical results, where power control should be applied to SUs. The closed-form bounds of three regions are obtained, which can be used in the space-time spectrum sensing and access in cognitive radio networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".