Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, growth of piglets and their humoral and cellular immune responses were used to evaluate the effect of castration at different ages. Piglets (n = 84) from 14 litters were assigned to one of the six treatments: castration or sham-castration at 3, 10 or 17 d of age. An injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was given on the day of castration and a second one 14 d later. Blood samples were taken at different times to evaluate the antibody levels against BSA and lymphocyte blastogenesis responses to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The age of piglets at the first immunization significantly influenced (P < 0.0001) the ability to raise antibodies to the injected antigen. Three-day-old piglets developed weaker antibody response than those immunized at 10 or 17 d of age. Ten- and 17-d-old castrated piglets tended to develop weaker secondary antibody responses than sham-castrated piglets, while those castrated and sham-castrated at 3 d of age did not differ in their antibody response (interaction castration × age; P < 0.08). The fluctuation in lymphocyte blastogenesis response between days 21 and 35 was numerically greater in castrated than in shamcastrated piglets. Ratios between days 35 and 21 of PWM proliferative indexes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in piglets castrated at 10 or 17 d of age than in sham-castrated piglets. The results indicate that castration of piglets at 10 d of age or older impairs antibody response to BSA and modulates piglet lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Castration at 3 d of age had no marked effect on antibody response and lymphocyte proliferation. Thus castration appears to be less disruptive to immune response if performed at three days of age compared to 10 d of age or older. Key words: Castration, stress, antibody formation, lymphocytes, pigs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".