A simple steel beam design curveWork upon which this paper is based was presented at the 2008 CSCE Annual Conference in Quebec City on 11 June 2008.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple alternative equation for the calculation of the strength of laterally unbraced structural steel beams is presented herein. This equation uses a format similar to the present steel column design curve in the Canadian structural steel design standard, CAN/CSA-S16-09, and is proposed as a replacement for the existing three part curve for beam strength by a one part equation with a continuous derivative. A reliability analysis of the new equation indicates that the equation provides safety levels very close to those of the current formula for classes 1 and 2 rolled sections. It also provides the desired level of safety for welded beams, whereas the current equations tend to over-estimate their strength. The alternative equation also provides adequate safety for class 3 beams. The concept of maximum unbraced length for braced beam design (Lu) is revisited herein and a simple calculation for this length is also proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".