Evaluating Satellite-Based Measurements for Mapping Air Quality in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a study of examining the correlation between the satellite observations and the ground-based measurements of air quality in Ontario, Canada. Two atmospheric parameters-total ozone burden (TOB), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data-were extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmosphere data products. TOB and AOD were then compared with the coincident ground-based ozone concentration (GOC) and fine particular matter (PM2.5) in summer and winter seasons, respectively. The comparison results showed that AOD was most strongly related with coincident hourly PM2.5 in summer, while TOB and coincident hourly GOC have shown their fairly strong correlation in winter. The correlation between MODIS measurement and ground monitoring data in summer seems independent from those in winter. This is the first study to demonstrate that the correlation between the satellite measurement and ground monitoring data varied in different seasons. The air quality distribution obtained from satellite images has a much better correspondence with the regional morphology than those interpolated from ground measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".