Readily integrated, electrically controlled microvalves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a simple method for fabricating and operating normally open, electrothermally actuated microvalves. These valves are fabricated by placing a gas-permeable elastomeric membrane between two etched glass plates. The reservoirs and channels on one layer are filled with a low melting point polymer (polyethylene glycol, PEG) that exhibits a large volumetric change (of up to 30%) upon phase transition (melting). This volume expansion is used to actuate the membrane and seal the microfluidic channels located in the second etched glass plate. The PEG in the reservoir is heated with integrated patterned platinum-resistive elements. The valve reliably seals the microfluidic channel against external fluid pressures of 10 psi. This valve can be readily integrated with one of the standard technologies for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) fabrication and is suitable for use with the polymerase chain reaction. The novelty of this microvalve lies in the ability to fill dead-end microchannels with a polymer, its self-sealing ability, the ability to remotely actuate the valve by transferring pressure via a microchannel and the compatibility of this microvalve with standard LOC technologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".