Downstream Passage of Lake Sturgeon through a Hydroelectric Generating Station: Route Determination, Survival, and Fine-Scale Movements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Downstream passage of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens through hydroelectric facilities is known to occur but is poorly understood. Acoustic telemetry was used to investigate downstream-passage routes, survival, and fine-scale movements at the Slave Falls Generating Station, located on the Winnipeg River, Manitoba. Downstream-passage rates were estimated at 2.9% (range = 0.0–4.4%) per year for Slave Falls Reservoir adults and 21.1% (range = 19.3–22.9%) per year for subadults tagged in the lowermost section of the reservoir. No juvenile passage was observed. Lake Sturgeon movements immediately upstream of the Slave Falls Generating Station main sluiceway gates were related to bathymetric features. Fish that approached via deepwater habitat tended to abandon their downstream trajectory movements before or upon reaching the top of a relatively shallow (∼10 m depth) bedrock saddle that occurs ∼45 m upstream of the main sluiceway gates. Based on acoustic telemetry (fine-scale tracking and presence–absence data) and supplemental information, such as trash rack spacing and spill conditions, 7 of 11 (64%) observed downstream-passage events were concluded to have occurred via bottom-draw regulating sluices located in the northeastern end of the powerhouse. At least 91% of the observed downstream-passage events were survived. Results suggest that protection initiatives at hydroelectric facilities could exploit the Lake Sturgeon's bottom-oriented nature, with bottom-draw sluice gates likely providing a feasible way to facilitate safe downstream passage. Received June 28, 2013; accepted January 28, 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".