Effects of the Nitric Oxide Donor Molsidomine on the Early Stages of Liver Damage in Rats with Bile Duct Ligation: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the nitric oxide donor molsidomine on the early stages of liver damage and biochemical changes in rats with bile duct ligation (BDL). Forty prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 125-140 g were studied. Group 1 rats (sham-control, n = 10) were not subjected to any surgical manipulation. Group 2 rats (BDL/untreated, n = 10) were subjected to BDL but no drug was administered. Group 3 rats (BDL/L-NAME, n = 10) received a daily dose of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) intraperitoneally for 7 days after BDL. Group 4 rats (BDL/molsidomine, n = 10) received a daily dose of molsidomine by gastric tube for 7 days after BDL. After 1 week, biochemical and histological evaluations were performed and the liver hydroxyproline content was measured. Serum bilirubin and liver enzymes were significantly increased in the BDL/untreated, BDL/L-NAME and BDL/molsidomine groups in comparison with the sham-control group 1 week after BDL. However, the liver enzymes were significantly decreased in the BDL/molsidomine group in comparison with the BDL/untreated and BDL/L-NAME groups. In the BDL/L-NAME group, proliferation of portal and periportal biliary ductules with disorganization of the hepatocyte plates, dilated portal spaces and areas of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, fibrosis and hepatocyte necrosis were observed. In the BDL/molsidomine group, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis and fibrosis were rarely seen. The hydroxyproline content in the liver was increased 1 week after obstruction in the BDL/untreated and BDL/L-NAME groups when compared to BDL/molsidomine group. Collagen type-IV expression was not observed in the BDL/molsidomine group in contrast to the BDL/untreated and BDL/L-NAME groups. In conclusion, during 1 week of treatment, the nitric oxide donor molsidomine improved hepatic fibrosis in the hepatic parenchyma and did not affect serum bilirubin values, but positively affected the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".