Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Cysteinate and Thiolactate Complexes of Bismuth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although bismuth compounds have been used in medicine for over 200 years, chemical characterization of complexes involving biological molecules is minimal and mechanisms of bioactivity are ill-defined. The thiophilic nature of bismuth implicates sulfur centers as likely sites for interaction, and we have exploited this feature to identify, isolate, and characterize complexes of bismuth with thiolate-carboxylate bifunctional ligands including the amino acid l-cysteine. The solid-state structures of potassium dichloro(thiopropionato)bismuth (K[1d]), dimethylaminoethanethiolato(thiopropionato)bismuth (4), and dinitrato(cysteinato)bismuthphenanthroline [5(phen)] are compared with data from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). ESI-MS is applied to reactions of BiCl(3) or Bi(NO(3))(3) with mercaptosuccinic, malic, and succinic acids to illustrate the general observation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".