Grading the gradient: Evidence for time-dependent memory reorganization in experimental animals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In humans, damage limited to the hippocampus produces temporally graded retrograde amnesia, with relative sparing of remote compared to recent memory. This observation forms the cornerstone of the idea that as memories mature they are reorganized in a time-dependent manner. In this paper, we evaluate evidence for similar time-dependent reorganization in experimental animals. In the majority of behavioral paradigms examined, these studies provide evidence that memories are gradually reorganized over time, with the hippocampus and cortex playing preferential (although not necessarily mutually exclusive) roles in the expression of recent and remote memory, respectively. This pattern is not observed in all tasks, however. For example, in the water maze hippocampal activity is always necessary for memory expression. Identifying situations when the hippocampus is, and is not, required for remote memory expression will help us to understand hippocampal contributions to memory, and, more generally, whether changes in memory organization lead to qualitative changes in the nature of memory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".