Expression and localisation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in dairy goat mammary gland at different physiological stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glucose is the major energy source for mammary epithelial cells, as well as an important substrate for lactose synthesis. Mammary epithelial cells take up glucose from extracellular fluid into the cell through glucose transporter (GLUT). This study was aimed at investigating the expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter in dairy goat mammary gland during puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and involution. Using real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, we analyzed the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and protein in dairy goat mammary gland. GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression increased during pregnancy and lactation, especially at peak lactation, and decreased strongly after weaning. Furthermore, the location of GLUT1 protein was determined by immunofluorescence laser confocal microscopy. GLUT1 protein localised to the basal and apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells, and also in the cytoplasm. The results from this study showed that GLUT1 is expressed in the dairy goat mammary gland with the greatest expression found in mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation.Key words: Expression, glucose transporter, goat, mammary gland
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".