Life-Cycle Analysis of Water Main Materials in the Optimal Design of the "Anytown" Water Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the economy-wide environmental impacts linked to network expansion decisions in the ‘Anytown' benchmark water distribution network. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to generate Pareto-optimal solutions of the benchmark ‘Anytown' network expansion problem. An economic input-output life-cycle analysis (EIO-LCA) model is used to evaluate air emissions generated in the manufacturing ofPVC and ductile iron (DI) pipes, steel tanks, and to evaluate the generation of electricity for pumping in water distribution network optimization. Preliminary results suggested that differences in inner diameter of DI and PVC pipes produced differences in Pareto-optimal fronts for the two pipe materials. Air emissions generated in pipe manufacturing and electricity production for pumping water were greater than air emissions linked to steel tank manufacturing for both pipe materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".