Long Play: Adult-Oriented Popular Music and the Temporal Logics of the Post-War Sound Recording Industry in the USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the historiography of post-war popular music has tended to emphasize radical musical stylistic breaks and cultural ruptures, industrial continuities between the adult-oriented popular music of the 1950s and the youth-oriented music of the rock era ( c. 1967 on) have been overlooked or under-analysed. The article examines the rise of the ‘long-play’ (LP) album as the core commodity of the US sound recording industry, which occurred curing the 1950s (and lasted into the 1980s). For its first two decades, the LP was associated primarily with adult consumers and non-rock forms of music. In this period, the increasing importance of the LP back catalogue led to the development of a particular ‘temporal logic’ for this commodity form. The slower rates of turnover for LPs (as opposed to 45 rpm singles) contributed to the heightened cultural esteem associated with adult albums. The temporal logic of the adult-oriented LP subsequently became crucial to the rise to industrial dominance of rock music from the late 1960s onward.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".