A hierarchical mixture model for sparse broadband scattering functions between moving platforms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hierarchical mixture model is considered for sparse broadband acoustic Green's functions [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 2346, Canadian Acoust. 40(3)]. Such a mixture model can be employed to match arbitrary second order statistics of a channel over time-bandwidth and angle. The model matches these statistics while simultaneously admitting the degree of sparsity necessary to capture propagation between moving platforms through the ocean waveguide. The uppermost stage of the hierarchy is specified by a mean bulk relative platform speed. Conditioned on this is a structured field of beta distributions associated with the probabilities of ensonified paths over beam-Doppler and frequency. The mixture model of the response is built from Bernoulli indicator variables whose probabilities are drawn from the field of betas. Posterior mean and variance are reviewed and used in an underwater acoustic receiver structure to replace Kalman like estimators of response as well as phase looked loop structures for symbol timing. The performance in terms of mean squared error is 10 dB lower than conventional Wiener filtering schemes when the channel response is significantly sparse. Reduction of this margin occurs as either sparsity or SNR is degraded. This degradation in performance is quantified under a range of sparsity constraints associated with the beta variates. [Work supported by the Naval Innovative Science and Engineering Program and the Office of Naval Research.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".