Advance Yield Markings: Reducing Motor Vehicle—Pedestrian Conflicts at Multilane Crosswalks with Uncontrolled Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motorists yielding to a pedestrian at the crosswalk line can screen the view of the pedestrian crossing in front of them. This places the pedestrian at risk from vehicles approaching in adjacent travel lanes. An experiment was conducted in which advance yield markings and a symbol sign prompting motorists to yield to pedestrians at the markings were placed at several intersections. Their effects on pedestrian safety at multilane crosswalks with pedestrian-activated yellow flashing beacons were evaluated. Motorist and pedestrian behaviors measured throughout the experiment included the following: occurrence of motor vehicle—pedestrian conflicts that involved evasive action, distance before the crosswalk that motorists stopped when yielding to pedestrians, and percentage of motorists yielding to pedestrians. The introduction of the markings and the sign 10 m before the crosswalk increased the distance in front of the crosswalk that motorists yielded to pedestrians and it markedly reduced the percentage of motor vehicle-pedestrian conflicts. Placing markings 15 m and 25 m in advance of the crosswalk produced similar benefits, demonstrating that treatment effects can be produced over a wide range of values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".