Glycophorin A‐mediated haemolysis of normal human erythrocytes: evidence for antigen aggregation in the pathogenesis of immune haemolysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inexplicable severity of anti-Pr autoimmune haemolytic anaemia led us to test the hypothesis that the haemolysis was primarily due to a change in the function of glycophorin A, on which the Pr antigen is located. The lectins Maclura pomifera and wheat germ agglutinin that bind to glycophorin A induced the haemolysis of normal erythrocytes in vitro. Lectin binding led to an increase in erythrocyte membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, the former resulting in an influx of water and subsequent haemolysis. The response was glycophorin A specific as Concanavalin A, which binds to band 3, did not cause haemolysis and peanut agglutinin only did so after removal of erythrocyte sialic acid. The lectin-induced cation leak was not mediated by activation of cation channels as the inhibitors, tetrodotoxin, amiloride and 4,4' disothiocyanate stilbene 2,2'disulphonate, had no effect, suggesting that the haemolysis was due to exacerbation of the inherent cation permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. A human IgAK anti-Pr autoantibody and a mouse anti-human glycophorin A antibody increased erythrocyte permeability to sodium. The role of glycophorin A in stabilizing and, upon aggregation, destabilizing the phospholipid bilayer is discussed. Our findings may help explain the severity of anti-Pr autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and other pathophysiological changes in human erythrocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".