REGENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL BLADDER SUBSTITUTES USING LARGE SEGMENT ACELLULAR MATRIX ALLOGRAFTS IN A PORCINE MODEL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: We previously reported on the short-term (4 weeks) morphometric analysis of a large bladder acellular matrix allograft used as a bladder bioprosthesis (average size 24 cm.2). We demonstrated cellular repopulation through the entire thickness of the graft. We now present the long-term (12 weeks) morphometric results of graft regenerated porcine bladders using segments measuring an average of 40 cm.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladders harvested from pigs were subjected to detergent and enzymatic extractions to render them acellular. Partial cystectomy was performed in 21 pigs and the defect was repaired with a bladder acellular matrix allograft (average size 40.52 cm.2). Of the animals 8 were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks and 13 were sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks. To evaluate cellular repopulation and matrix reorganization the native bladder and graft were analyzed using standard histological and immunofluorescent techniques. To evaluate for calcium deposits in the grafts a radiological evaluation of the graft was performed after explantation. RESULTS: All animals survived the surgical procedure and there were no significant urinary leaks. No stones were noted in any of the bladders. At 1 week there was a diffuse infiltration with acute inflammatory cells. At 2 weeks the luminal surface of the graft was lined with a single layer of urothelium, and there was stromal infiltration with unorganized smooth muscle cells and angiogenesis. At 4 weeks the urothelium was multilayered with organizing groups of smooth muscle cells and angiogenesis. At 8 and 12 weeks there was repopulation throughout the bladder acellular matrix allograft implant with all native cellular components participating. CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence that large patch bladder acellular matrix allograft implantation is technically feasible and may prove to be a viable surgical alternative to bladder augmentation with intestinal segments. Its advantages may include the potential for complete and functional regeneration of a bladder substitute.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".