Serum serotonin reduced the expression of hepatic transporter Mrp2 and P-gp via regulating nuclear receptor CAR in PI-IBS rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hepatic transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play important roles in the pharmacological effects and (or) side-effects of many drugs, and are regulated by several mediators, including neurotransmitters. This work aimed to investigate whether serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) affected the expression of hepatic transporters or DMEs. The expression of hepatic transporters was assessed using the Western-blot technique in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic-acid-induced rat model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), in which serum levels of 5-HT were significantly elevated. To further clarify the underlying mechanism, the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and the 5-HT depleting agent parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) were applied to adjust serum levels of 5-HT. Serum levels of 5-HT were measured using LC-MS/MS; the expression of hepatic transporters, DMEs, and nuclear receptors were examined by Western-blot technique. Our results showed that in PI-IBS rats the expression of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) was significantly decreased, while colonic enterochromaffin cell density and serum levels of 5-HT were all significantly increased. Moreover, 5-HTP treatment significantly increased serum levels of 5-HT and decreased the expression of Mrp2 and glycoprotein P (P-gp), whereas treatment with pCPA markedly decreased serum levels of 5-HT and increased the expression of Mrp2 and P-gp. Our results indicated that serum 5-HT regulates the expression of Mrp2 and P-gp, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the altered expression of the nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".