Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes for Membrane Distillation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat-sheet membranes were prepared for membrane distillation (MD). Pure water was used as a pore-forming additive in the casting solution. Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was used as the solvent. The polymer solutions were cast over a glass plate or over a nonwoven polyester backing material. The prepared supported and unsupported PVDF membranes were characterized in terms of their nonwettability, pore size and porosity. MD experiments were carried out using a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) configuration and employing pure water or chloroform/water binary mixtures as the feed. The influence of some relevant parameters, such as the feed temperature, stirring rate, or downstream pressure on the MD flux was studied. The effect of water in the casting solution on the geometrical properties of the membrane is discussed and evaluated. The dependence of the MD flux and separation factor on the geometrical properties of the supported and unsupported membranes was also studied.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it