Monitoring structural changes of liquids frozen in nanopores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Less dense packing of molecules in frozen liquids confined to cylindrical glass pores was observed to depend on pore size. This conclusion was derived by monitoring the rotational tunneling of methyl protons, which reside on studied molecules, with nuclear magnetic resonance. For example, the tunneling frequency of dimethyl sulfide and propionic acid at 10 K was observed to be larger in pores than in bulk. This is interpreted as being due to a decrease in the hindering potential. In another type of tunneling spectrum which is due to methyl-methyl interaction, observed in acetyl acetone at 10 K, the splitting decreases as the pores become smaller. It is demonstrated that in both types of materials the shifts of the methyl tunneling splittings in pores are the result of the reduced intermolecular interaction in the pore core region. This in turn indicates that the unit cell size of liquids frozen in nanopores is slightly increased. The increase is largest in smallest pores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".