Spring Arctic sea ice as an indicator of North American summer rainfall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Associations between the spring Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and North American summer rainfall were discussed using the singular value decomposition analysis. Results show that a reduced SIC in the North Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic, and an enhanced SIC in much of the central Arctic Basin and Beaufort Sea, are accompanied by dry conditions over the western United States, the northern Great Plains, the Midwest, westernmost Canada, and central and eastern Greenland, and wet conditions over the southern United States, Alaska, northern Canada, and western Greenland. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the SIC variability show two wave‐train structures, which are persistent from spring to summer, leading to the identified relationship between the spring Arctic SIC and North American summer rainfall. This relationship indicates a potential long‐term outlook for the North American summer rainfall as the decline of the spring sea ice in the north Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic is expected to continue as climate warms. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".