Development of kerosene–water two‐phase up‐flow in a vertical pipe downstream of A 90° bend
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The development of kerosene–water up‐flow in a vertical pipe of 77.8 mm inner diameter and 4500 mm, length downstream of a 90° bend, has been investigated using a Pitot tube and dual optical probe. The CFD ANSYS Fluent 12.0 is used to model the flow and the results are compared with experimental data. The CFD provides detailed information on flow structure which is difficult to obtain in experiments. The experimental measurements of the local parameters demonstrate that the single phase and two‐phase flows reached the fully developed axisymmetrical conditions at L/D = 54. These results also show the severe asymmetry distributions of the two‐phase flow parameters at the entrance region (L/D = 1). The predictions from Fluent are found to be in close agreement with experimental data for L/D ≥ 16 but there is a significant discrepancy at L/D = 1. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".