Substorm inner plasma sheet particle reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geotail measurements from within the equatorial inner plasma sheet at r ∼ 10–13 R E are used to show that a reduction in equatorial plasma pressure within the current wedge is a general feature of substorms and that this decrease is simultaneous with the well‐known expansion phase increase in energetic particle fluxes. The decrease in pressure is found to be due to a decrease in particle fluxes at lower energies that gives a significant decrease in plasma density. We also find that when viewed as a function of the adiabatic energy invariant for the plasma sheet λ, there is a reduction in the number of particles for all λ despite the enhancements seen when energetic particle fluxes are viewed at fixed particle energy. These observations demonstrate that the expansion phase is associated with a significant reduction in flux tube content of particles within the current wedge and that this reduction leads to the expansion‐phase reduction in equatorial plasma pressure and cross‐tail current.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".