Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the surgical outcomes in a cohort of patients with diabetes who were undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for renal stone disease to a nondiabetic group of patients at a single center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1990 and December 2005, all patients scheduled for PCNL were prospectively included in a single-center database. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed. Primary outcomes evaluated were stone-free rates and complications, including the need for blood transfusion, while the secondary outcome was length of hospital stay. This report specifically reviews these outcomes in patients known to have diabetes at the time of surgery. Both outcomes were compared with those obtained in our nondiabetic patient population. RESULTS: Analysis of the data from 183 (13.7%) patients with diabetes of the 1338 patients undergoing PCNL revealed that patient age (63.1 years), surgical time (90.8 minutes), and complications (major 2.2%), including need for transfusion (0.5%) and stone-free rate (94.5%), were not significantly different from those observed in our nondiabetic patients. The average length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the diabetic group (4.4 days vs 3.9 days, P = 0.022). Uric acid stone composition was found to be the most common stone composition among the patients with diabetes in this study (41%). CONCLUSIONS: PCNL can be performed with excellent stone-free rates and with an acceptable complication risk in the diabetic population. The incidence of uric acid stone disease appears to be significantly higher than previously reported and warrants heightened efforts directed toward stone prevention in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".