Determination of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid in environmental samples by capillary electrophoresis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with indirect UV detection was applied to the quantitative direct determination of hydroxymethanesulfonate ion (HMSA) present in atmospheric aerosols and other environmental samples. The proposed method used 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC)-based background electrolyte that allowed indirect detection at 214 nm. Separation was achieved by applying constant current (6.6 ± 0.6 μA which corresponds to –15 kV). According to the HMSA levels, samples were injected either by hydrodynamic (a pressure of 70 mbar, 10 s) or electrokinetic injection (–10 kV, 15 s). Method performance was determined for both injection modes. With pressure injection, the limit of detection (LOD) for HMSA was 39 μg/L and the external calibration was linear from 0.5 to 10 mg/L. With electrokinetic injection, the LOD was 2 μg/L and the internal calibration was linear from 20 to 400 μg/L. Good intra- and inter-day precision, and inter-person reproducibility and recovery were obtained for both hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection modes. The long-term reliability of the proposed CE method was checked over a one-year period during which over 1 000 samples were analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".