Aural Canal, Esophageal, and Rectal Temperatures During Exertional Heat Stress and the Subsequent Recovery Period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: The measurement of body temperature is crucial for the initial diagnosis of exertional heat injury and for monitoring purposes during a subsequent treatment strategy. However, little information is available about how different measurements of body temperature respond during and after exertional heat stress. OBJECTIVE: To present the temporal responses of aural canal (T(ac)), esophageal (T(es)), and rectal (T(re)) temperatures during 2 different scenarios (S1, S2) involving exertional heat stress and a subsequent recovery period. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers, with 12 (5 men, 7 women) participating in S1 and 12 (7 men, 5 women) participating in S2. INTERVENTION(S): The participants exercised in the heat (42 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) until they reached a 39.5 degrees C cut-off criterion, which was determined by T(re) in S1 and by T(es) in S2. As such, participants attained different levels of hyperthermia (as determined by T(re)) at the end of exercise. Participants in S1 were subsequently immersed in cold water (2 degrees C) until T(re) reached 37.5 degrees C, and participants in S2 recovered in a temperate environment (30 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) for 60 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured T(ac), T(es), and T(re) throughout both scenarios. RESULTS: The T(es) (S1 = 40.19 +/- 0.41 degrees C, S2 = 39.50 +/- 0.02 degrees C) was higher at the end of exercise compared with both T(ac) (S1 = 39.74 +/- 0.42 degrees C, S2 = 38.89 +/- 0.32 degrees C) and T(re) (S1 = 39.41 +/- 0.04 degrees C, S2 = 38.74 +/- 0.28 degrees C) (for both comparisons in each scenario, P < .001). Conversely, T(es) (S1 = 36.26 +/- 0.74 degrees C, S2 = 37.36 +/- 0.34 degrees C) and T(ac) (S1 = 36.48 +/- 1.07 degrees C, S2 = 36.97 +/- 0.38 degrees C) were lower compared with T(re) (S1 = 37.54 +/- 0.04 degrees C, S2 = 37.78 +/- 0.31 degrees C) at the end of both scenarios (for both comparisons in each scenario, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that T(ac), T(es), and T(re) presented different temporal responses during and after both scenarios of exertional heat stress and a subsequent recovery period. Although these results may not have direct practical implications in the field monitoring and treatment of individuals with exertional heat injury, they do quantify the extent to which these body temperature measurements differ in such scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".