Benefits of early intensive glucose control in preventing diabetes-related complications were sustained for up to 10 yearsCommentary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
R R Holman Dr R R Holman, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; rury.holman@dtu.ox.ac.uk In patients with type 2 diabetes, do the benefits of early intensive glucose control in preventing diabetes-related complications continue after the intervention is stopped? ### Design: randomised controlled trial (UK Prospective Diabetes Study [UKPDS]). ### Allocation: {concealed}.* ### Blinding: blinded (outcome adjudication committee). ### Follow-up period: median 9 years after the end of the trial, 17 years total. ### Setting: 23 centres in the UK. ### Patients: 4209 patients 25–65 years of age {mean age 53 y, 60% men}* who had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and fasting plasma glucose concentrations >6.0 mmol/l (108 mg/dl) and <15.0 mmol/l (270 mg/dl) after 3 months of dietary therapy. Exclusion criteria included ketonuria, elevated serum creatinine, recent myocardial infarction, angina, …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".